Body Double-Amorrortu 
Today the issue is presented to Freud.
HOW TO FILE A FREUD?
Perhaps with a:
WOMEN AND GENTLEMEN, TO YOU THE FATHER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS CREATOR:
PROFESSOR SIGMUND FREUD.
(applause) ...
Sigismund Freud, who, at twenty years, would change the name to Sigmund, was born in Freiberg, Moravia in the former (now Pribor, Czechoslovakia), 6 May 1856. His father was a wool merchant who, when he was born, I was already forty-one years and two children born from a previous marriage, the biggest one was about the same age as the mother Freud-twenty years younger than her husband and was, in turn, the father of a child a year. In his old age, Freud had to comment that the impression caused this somewhat tangled family situation resulted to awaken their curiosity and sharpen their intelligence.
In 1859, the economic crisis put paid to trade the following year father and the family moved to Vienna, where he lived many years of difficulties and hardships, being very frequent periods in which, for the rest of his long life (he died in October 1896), the father would be out of work. Freud always hated the city in which, moreover, lived up to a year before his death, when, in June 1938 despite the intercession of Roosevelt and Mussolini, was forced, because of his Jewishness, his works had been burned in Berlin in 1933 - to take the path of exile to London following the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria to the stale Pangerman project of Greater Germany, prepared by the Nazis with the help of Seyss-Inquart and proselytes Austrians.
The family remained faithful to the Jewish community and its customs, but was not particularly religious, the father should be considered next to free-thinking, and Freud himself had lost all religious beliefs in adolescence. In 1873, finished high school with excellent grades. Had always been a good student, corresponding to the sacrifices for their education made by their parents, which promised a brilliant career for his son, who shared his expectations. After considering the possibility of attending law school, he decided on medicine, but not with the desire to exercise, but moved by a certain intention of studying the human condition through scientific rigor. Halfway through the race, took the decision to engage in biological research, and, from 1876 to 1882, worked in the laboratory of the physiologist Ernst von Brücke, interested in some neural structures in animal and human brain anatomy. From that time dates his friendship with Viennese physician Josef Breuer, fourteen years his senior, who was to lend support, both moral and material. In 1882 he met Martha Bernays, his future wife, the daughter of a family of Jewish intellectuals, the desire to marry, their low income and few prospects of improving their situation by working with Von Brücke made to desist from his career as a researcher and decided to make a living as a doctor, a title he had won in 1881, three years late.
Without any preference for the exercise of general medicine, decided to acquire sufficient clinical experience to enable it to achieve a certain prestige, and from July 1882 to August 1885, he worked as a resident in different departments of the Vienna General Hospital, deciding to specialize in neuropathology. In 1884 he was commissioned a study on the therapeutic use of cocaine and, not without some negligence, suffered in his person. Did not become an addict, but caused occasional mess, such as addiction to push his friend Von Fleischl trying to cure him of his morphinomania, worse, in fact, appropriate. In medical circles were heard some criticism and his reputation was somewhat overshadowed. In 1885 he was appointed Privatdozent of Vienna Medical School, where he taught throughout his career, first neuropathology, and, later, psychoanalysis, even without access to any chair.
Obtaining a scholarship for a study tour took him to Paris, where he worked for four and a half months in the neurology department of the Salpêtrière under the direction of Jean Martin Charcot, then the most important French neurologist. There had occasion to observe the manifestations of hysteria and the effects of hypnosis and suggestion in treating it. Back in Vienna, married in September 1886 after a long courtship punctuated by ruptures and reconciliations as a result, in particular, of jealousy he felt towards anyone who might be the object of affection of Martha (including his mother). In the ten years after the wedding, the couple had six children, three boys and three girls, the youngest of whom, Anna, born in December 1895, was to become a child psychoanalyst.
Shortly before his marriage, Freud opened a private practice as a neuropathologist, using electrotherapy and hypnosis for the treatment of nervous disorders. His friendship with Breuer crystallized then, on closer collaboration, which finally bear fruit in the creation of psychoanalysis, although the price that the relationship between them is broken. Between 1880 and 1882, Breuer had treated a case of hysteria (the patient would later be referred to as "Anna O."); to stop treatment, Freud spoke of how the symptoms of the patient (intermittent paralysis of the extremities as well as slurred speech and vision) disappeared when it found itself in a hypnotic state, the source or explanation. In 1886, after having shown in Paris the operation of hypnosis, Freud forced Breuer to speak again of the case and, overcoming their initial resistance, to consent to the joint development of a book on hysteria. During the gestation of this work, published in 1895, Freud developed his first ideas about psychoanalysis. Breuer participated to a certain point in development, although the extent of curbing speculation later characteristics of the Freudian doctrine and refusing to finally subscribe to Freud's growing conviction about the role played by sexuality in the etiology of mental disorders.
In 1896, after breaking with Breuer in a rather violent, Freud began to transform the therapeutic approach that the former had termed "catharsis", based on hypnosis, in what he called the method of "free association". Working alone, a victim of the contempt of other doctors, treating his patients led him to forge the essential elements of psychoanalytic concepts of 'unconscious', 'repression' and 'transfer'. In 1899, he published his famous The Interpretation of Dreams , although dated edition of 1900, and in 1905 was published Three Contributions to the Theory of Sexuality , the second largest of his works. These two were the only books that Sigmund Freud revised time in each of its successive editions.
to 1905, and although his theories around that time and definitely had crossed the threshold of the start and were well established, had few disciples. But in 1906 he began to attract more followers, the circle of those who, since 1902, met a few nights at home in order to orientate in the field of psychoanalytic research, was expanded and changed, even several times ended , consolidating a psychoanalytic society in the spring of 1908 at the invitation of Karl Gustav Jung, first held in Salzburg on Psychoanalytic Congress. The following year, Freud and Jung traveled to the United States, invited to deliver a series of lectures at Clark University in Worcester, Mass., noting with surprise there enthusiasm aroused by Freud's thinking much earlier than in Europe. In 1910 he founded in Nuremberg International Psychoanalytic Society, chaired by Jung, who retained the presidency until 1914, when he was forced to resign, as a corollary to the breakdown blocked by Freud in 1913, to declare inadmissible the expansion Jungian concept of 'libido' beyond its meaning strictly sexual. In 1916 he published Introduction to Psychoanalysis .
In 1923, he was diagnosed with jaw cancer and had to undergo the first of a series of interventions. From then until his death in London on September 23, 1939, was always sick, but did not decrease its strong activity. His major contributions to the diagnosis of the state of our culture dating from this period (The Future of an Illusion [1927], The Civilization and Its Discontents [1930], Moses and Monotheism [1939]). And before, through works among which Totem and Taboo (1913), inspired by Darwin's biological evolutionism and social evolution of Frazer, had borne witness to do you consider the paramount importance of psychoanalysis, beyond therapeutic efficacy judged always restricted, lay in its capacity as a tool to investigate the determining factors in the thinking and behavior of men.
Complete Works of Freud
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